1. [mainstream slang] Pejorative applied to anyone with an above-average IQ and few gifts at small talk and ordinary social rituals.
2. [jargon] Term of praise applied (in conscious ironic reference to sense 1) to someone who knows what's really important and interesting and doesn't care to be distracted by trivial chatter and silly status games. Compare geek.
The word itself appears to derive from the lines And then,
just to show them, I'll sail to Ka-Troo / And Bring Back an It-Kutch, a
Preep and a Proo, / A Nerkle, a Nerd, and a Seersucker, too!
in the
Dr. Seuss book If I Ran the Zoo (1950). (The
spellings ‘nurd’ and ‘gnurd’ also used to be current
at MIT, where ‘nurd’ is reported from as far back as 1957.) How
it developed its mainstream meaning is unclear, but sense 1 seems to have
entered mass culture in the early 1970s (there are reports that in the
mid-1960s it meant roughly annoying misfit
without the
connotation of intelligence.
An IEEE Spectrum article (4/95, page 16) once derived ‘nerd’ in its variant form ‘knurd’ from the word ‘drunk’ backwards, but this bears all the hallmarks of a bogus folk etymology. Apparently this etymology was folklore at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute around 1979.
Hackers developed sense 2 in self-defense perhaps ten years later,
and some actually wear Nerd Pride
buttons, only half as a
joke. At MIT one can find not only buttons but (what else?) pocket
protectors bearing the slogan and the MIT seal.